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1 duke of earl
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2 duke of earl
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > duke of earl
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3 duke of earl
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4 duke
1. n герцогGrand Duke — великий князь; эрцгерцог
2. n род хереса3. n сл. кулак, рукаСинонимический ряд:combat with gloved fists (verb) box; combat with gloved fists; cross gloves; fight; fist fight; mix punches; punch; spar; swap punches -
5 duke
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6 Earl
1. n Эрл2. n графСинонимический ряд:nobleman (noun) aristocrat; count; duke; king; lord; noble; nobleman; prince -
7 эрльский герцог
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > эрльский герцог
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8 marquis
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9 Brindley, James
SUBJECT AREA: Canals[br]b. 1716 Tunstead, Derbyshire, Englandd. 27 September 1772 Turnhurst, Staffordshire, England[br]English canal engineer.[br]Born in a remote area and with no material advantages, Brindley followed casual rural labouring occupations until 1733, when he became apprenticed to Abraham Bennett of Macclesfield, a wheelwright and millwright. Though lacking basic education in reading and writing, he demonstrated his ability, partly through his photographic memory, to solve practical problems. This established his reputation, and after Bennett's death in 1742 he set up his own business at Leek as a millwright. His skill led to an invitation to solve the problem of mine drainage at Wet Earth Colliery, Clifton, near Manchester. He tunnelled 600 ft (183 m) through rock to provide a leat for driving a water-powered pump.Following work done on a pump on Earl Gower's estate at Trentham, Brindley's name was suggested as the engineer for the proposed canal for which the Duke of Bridge water (Francis Egerton) had obtained an Act in 1759. The Earl and the Duke were brothers-in-law, and the agents for the two estates were, in turn, the Gilbert brothers. The canal, later known as the Bridgewater Canal, was to be constructed to carry coal from the Duke's mines at Worsley into Manchester. Brindley advised on the details of its construction and recommended that it be carried across the river Irwell at Barton by means of an aqueduct. His proposals were accepted, and under his supervision the canal was constructed on a single level and opened in 1761. Brindley had also surveyed for Earl Gower a canal from the Potteries to Liverpool to carry pottery for export, and the signal success of the Bridgewater Canal ensured that the Trent and Mersey Canal would also be built. These undertakings were the start of Brindley's career as a canal engineer, and it was largely from his concepts that the canal system of the Midlands developed, following the natural contours rather than making cuttings and constructing large embankments. His canals are thus winding navigations unlike the later straight waterways, which were much easier to traverse. He also adopted the 7 ft (2.13 m) wide lock as a ruling dimension for all engineering features. For cheapness, he formed his canal tunnels without a towpath, which led to the notorious practice of legging the boats through the tunnels.Brindley surveyed a large number of projects and such was his reputation that virtually every proposal was submitted to him for his opinion. Included among these projects were the Staffordshire and Worcestershire, the Rochdale, the Birmingham network, the Droitwich, the Coventry and the Oxford canals. Although he was nominally in charge of each contract, much of the work was carried out by his assistants while he rushed from one undertaking to another to ensure that his orders were being carried out. He was nearly 50 when he married Anne Henshall, whose brother was also a canal engineer. His fees and salaries had made him very wealthy. He died in 1772 from a chill sustained when carrying out a survey of the Caldon Canal.[br]Further ReadingA.G.Banks and R.B.Schofield, 1968, Brindley at Wet Earth Colliery: An Engineering Study, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.S.E.Buckley, 1948, James Brindley, London: Harrap.JHB -
10 Gilbert, John
[br]b. 1724 Cotton Hall, Cotton, Staffordshire, Englandd. 3 August 1795 Worsley, Lancashire, England[br]English land agent, mining engineer and canal entrepreneur.[br]Younger son of a gentleman farmer, Gilbert was apprenticed to Matthew Boulton, a buckle maker of Birmingham and father of the Matthew Boulton who was associated with James Watt. He also gained mining experience. Through the influence of his older brother, Thomas Gilbert, he became Land Agent to the Duke of Bridgewater (Francis Egerton) for the Worsley estate. He proposed extensions to the underground waterway system and also made a preliminary survey for a canal from Worsley to Salford, a project which Brindley joined as Assistant Engineer. Gilbert was therefore the prime mover in the construction of the Bridgewater Canal, which received its Act in 1759. He then collected evidence for the second Act to permit construction of the aqueduct across the Irwell at Barton. He was involved in a consortium with his brother Thomas and Earl Gower to develop the Earl's East Shropshire mines and to build the Shrewsbury and the Shropshire Coal Canals. He also excavated the Speedwell Mine at Castleton in Derbyshire between 1774 and 1781 and constructed the underground canal to serve the workings. With his brother, he was involved in the promotion of the Trent \& Mersey Canal and was a shareholder in the undertaking. Among his other entrepreneurial activities, he entered the canal-carrying business. His last work was beginning the underground inclined planes at Worsley, but these were not completed until after his death. His important place in the historical development of the inland navigational system in England has been very much overlooked.[br]Further ReadingP.Lead, 1990, Agents of Revolution: John and Thomas Gilbert-Entrepreneurs, Keele University Centre for Local History.JHB -
11 Gilbert, Thomas
[br]b. 1720 Cotton Hall, Cotton, Staffordshire, Englandd. 18 December 1798[br]English politician, mine and canal entrepreneur.[br]He was the older brother of John Gilbert and, trained as a lawyer, he became Land Agent to Earl Gower and Legal Adviser to the Duke of Bridgewater (Francis Egerton). Brindley had carried out work for Gilbert on the Gower estates and the standard of work impressed him. In 1759 he recommended Brindley to his brother at Worsley as a competent engineer who would be valuable in the construction of the new canal. Gilbert became Member of Parliament for Newcastle under Lyme in 1763 and was thus able to sponsor the Trent and Mersey Bill when it came before Parliament. He joined the committee of the Trent and Mersey, representing the interests of both Earl Gower and himself. He was also involved with the East Shropshire mines and canals with his brother. He continued as a Member of Parliament (until 1768 for Newcastle and afterwards for Lichfield) until December 1794.[br]Further ReadingP.Lead, 1990, Agents of Revolution: John and Thomas Gilbert—Entrepreneurs, Keele University Centre for Local History.JHB -
12 aristocracy
сущ.1) аристократияа) ист. (высший слой дворянства, любого привилегированного сословия; родовитая знать в условиях феодализма)The aristocracy supported the military dictatorship. — Аристократия поддержала военную диктатуру.
See:patrimonialism, aristocrat 1), hereditary elite, upper class, nobility, baron, viscount, count 1. 3), duke, earl, knightб) ист. (государственное устройство, основанное на власти знати)See:в) общ. (высший слой общества; избранные; элита; те, кто занимает привилегирванное положение в чем-л.)See:2) упр. аристократизм* (седьмая стадия жизненного цикла организации по И. Адизесу, на которой принимает большое значение получение удовольствие от достигнутого уровня благосостояния и организация еще больше теряет способность к изменениям)See: -
13 baron
сущ.1) пол., брит., ист. барон, пэр (низший, не передающийся по наследству, титул членов палаты лордов; принятым обращением к особам, носящим титул барона, является "лорд" c последующим произнесением фамилии, напр., Lord Smith)Syn:See:House of Lords, peer, lord, viscount, earl, marquess, baronet, baroness, barony, aristocracy, Magna Carta, duke2) пол. (наследственный титул в некоторых европейских странах; по отношению к особам, носящим титул барона, в Германии, Франции и других странах используется обращение барон, напр., Baron Schmidt)3) эк., амер. магнат, туз, "король"а) (крупный финансист или промышленник, обладающий исключительно сильным влиянием в своей области)б) (влиятельное лицо в определенной сфере законодательной деятельности; как правило, занимает ключевые позиции в законодательном органе)4) эк., ист. барон ( крупный землевладелец в эпоху феодализма)See:barony 2) -
14 marquess
сущ.соц., гос. упр. маркиз (дворянский титул ниже герцога, но выше графа)See: -
15 nobility
сущ.соц. дворянство (в феодальном обществе: высшее сословие, обладавшее закрепленными в законе и передаваемыми по наследству привилегиями)Syn:See: -
16 peer
сущ.1) соц. человек одного круга, ровня, равный (по должности, званию, возрасту)You will not find his peer. — Вы не найдете ему равного.
The jury system gives you the right to be judged by your peers. — Юридическая система дает вам право быть судимым равными вам.
Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers? — Вы полагаете, это правда, что девочки-подростки менее самоуверенны, чем равные им по возрасту мальчики?
See:2) пол., брит. пэр (светский член палаты лордов, носящий один из пяти титулов: герцог, маркиз, граф, виконт или барон)See: -
17 nobility
N1. कुलीनताThe nobility was treated badly in the French Revolution.2. अभिजात\nobilityवर्गAn Earl or a Duke was wedded into the nobility. -
18 lady
noun1) Dame, die; (English, American, etc. also) Lady, dielady-in-waiting — (Brit.) Hofdame, die
ladies' hairdresser — Damenfriseur, der
2)‘Ladies’ — "Damen"
4) (Brit.) as title5) (ruling woman) Herrin, dielady of the house — Dame des Hauses
Our Lady — (Relig.) Unsere Liebe Frau
6) attrib. (female)lady clerk — Angestellte, die
lady doctor — Ärztin, die
lady friend — Freundin, die. See also academic.ru/27527/first">first 2. 1)
* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) die Dame, weiblich2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) die Dame3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) die Lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *[ˈleɪdi]n\Lady Diana Spencer Lady Diana Spencermy \Lady Mylady2. RELOur \Lady Unsere Liebe Frau, die Jungfrau Maria* * *['leIdɪ]n1) Dame fwhere is the ladies or the ladies' room? — wo ist die Damentoilette?
ladies and gentlemen! — sehr geehrte Damen und Herren!, meine Damen und Herren!
ladies,... — meine Damen,...
the minister and his lady your good lady (hum, form) — der Minister und seine Gattin Ihre Frau Gemahlin (hum, form)
young lady — junge Dame; (scoldingly) mein Fräulein
ladies' bicycle — Damen( fahr)rad nt
2) (= noble) Adlige fdinner is served, my lady — es ist angerichtet, Mylady or gnädige Frau
3)Our Lady — die Jungfrau Maria, Unsere Liebe Frau
* * *lady [ˈleıdı]A s1. allg Dame f:a) junge Dame,b) (tadelnd etc) mein Fräulein;his young lady umg seine (kleine) Freundin;2. Dame f (ohne Zusatz als Anrede für Frauen im Allgemeinen nur im pl üblich, im sg poet oder besonders US sl):ladies and gentlemen meine Damen und Herren!;c) (vor dem Vornamen) für die Tochter eines Duke, Marquis oder Earld) (vor dem Familiennamen) als Höflichkeitstitel für die Frau eines Baronet oder Knight4. Herrin f, Gebieterin f (poet außer in):lady of the manor Grundherrin (unter dem Feudalsystem);our sovereign lady die Königin5. obs Geliebte f6. obs oder sl ( außer wenn auf eine Inhaberin des Titels Lady angewandt) Gattin f, Frau f, Gemahlin f:your good lady Ihre Frau Gemahlin;the old lady hum meine Altechurch of Our Lady Marien-, Frauenkirche f“Ladies” (Aufschrift) „Damen“9. ZOOL hum (eine) Sie, Weibchen nB adj weiblich:lady doctor Ärztin f;lady friend Freundin f;lady president Präsidentin f;* * *noun1) Dame, die; (English, American, etc. also) Lady, dielady-in-waiting — (Brit.) Hofdame, die
ladies' hairdresser — Damenfriseur, der
2)‘Ladies’ — "Damen"
4) (Brit.) as title5) (ruling woman) Herrin, dieOur Lady — (Relig.) Unsere Liebe Frau
6) attrib. (female)lady clerk — Angestellte, die
lady doctor — Ärztin, die
lady friend — Freundin, die. See also first 2. 1)
* * *n.Dame -n f. -
19 courtesy title
['kəːtɪsɪ,taɪtl]"ти́тул учти́вости" (не даёт юридических прав, предоставляемых титулом, напр., права быть членом палаты лордов [ House of Lords]; такие титулы по обычаю носят дети герцогов [см. duke], маркизов [см. marquess] и графов [см. earl]. При жизни отца старший сын герцога обыкн. носит его второй титул, т.е. титул графа, маркиза или виконта; остальные дети герцогов и маркизов носят титулы "лорд" [ Lord 4)], "леди" [ Lady I 3)] или "почтенный", "почтенная" [Honourable]; как "титулы учтивости" Lady, Lord, Honourable ставятся перед именем данного лица, в отличие от титулов пэров)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > courtesy title
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20 Lady
I ['leɪdɪ]1) ле́ди (принятая форма титулования маркизы [ marchioness], графини [ countess], виконтессы [ viscountess] и баронессы [ baroness]; напр., вместо the Marchioness of Greystone обыкн. говорят Lady Greystone; имя может ставиться тк. перед титулом; напр., Isabel, Lady Greystone; В официальных документах перед титулами жён и дочерей пэров ставится артикль; напр., the Lady Greystone, the Lady Mary Brown)2) ле́ди (традиционный титул жены баронета [ baronet] или рыцаря [ knight 1)], заменяющий официальный титул "дама" [ Dame]; употр. с фамилией мужа; напр., Lady Anderson; имя может ставиться в скобки Lady (Barbara) Littlewood; перед титулами жён баронетов и рыцарей артикль не ставится)3) ле́ди ("титул учтивости" [ courtesy title] дочерей герцогов [см. duke], маркизов [см. marquess] и графов [см. earl]; употр. с именем и фамилией своей или мужа или тк. с именем; напр., Lady Mary Smith, Lady Mary; Mr. George and Lady Mary Smith)4) ле́ди ("титул учтивости" жён сыновей герцогов и маркизов; употр. с именем и фамилией мужа или тк. с именем мужа; напр., Lady Peter Wimsey, Lady Peter)II ['leɪdɪ] "(The)Lady""Ле́ди" (еженедельный журнал для женщин; помещает разнообразные материалы, в т.ч. практические советы для хозяек; тир. 60 тыс. экз. Основан в 1885)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Lady
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